Conflict of Interest

Aafaq-e-Tahqeeq (AT) is committed to maintaining transparency, fairness, and integrity throughout the publication process. The journal requires all authors, reviewers, and editors to disclose any potential conflicts of interest that may influence the research, peer review process, or editorial decisions.

Authors’ Conflict of Interest

Authors must disclose any financial, personal, professional, academic, or institutional relationships that could influence the research findings, interpretation, or publication process.

Authors are required to provide a conflict of interest declaration during manuscript submission. Examples of potential conflicts include:

  • Financial support, grants, or sponsorship from organizations that may benefit from the research outcomes.
  • Employment, consultancy, or ownership interests related to the research.
  • Personal or professional relationships that may affect objectivity.
  • Institutional affiliations or other circumstances that may create perceived bias.

If no conflict exists, authors should clearly state:

"The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article."

Reviewers’ Conflict of Interest

Reviewers must evaluate manuscripts objectively and independently. Reviewers should disclose any potential conflicts of interest before accepting a review assignment.

Reviewers must decline to review a manuscript if they have:

  • A personal or professional relationship with the authors.
  • A direct academic or institutional connection with the authors.
  • Financial or other interests related to the research.
  • Any situation that may affect their impartial judgment.

Reviewers with conflicts of interest will be removed from the review process and replaced by an independent reviewer.

Editors’ Conflict of Interest

Editors of Aafaq-e-Tahqeeq (AT) must make editorial decisions independently and fairly without influence from personal, institutional, financial, or commercial interests.

Editors must not handle manuscripts where they have:

  • Personal or professional relationships with authors.
  • Previous collaboration or academic conflicts with authors.
  • Any financial or other interests related to the manuscript.

In such cases, the manuscript will be assigned to another qualified editor to ensure an unbiased decision-making process.

Handling Undisclosed Conflicts of Interest

If a conflict of interest is discovered after publication, Aafaq-e-Tahqeeq (AT) will investigate the matter according to its publication ethics procedures. Appropriate actions may include publication of a correction, expression of concern, or retraction if necessary.

Transparency and Ethical Standards

Aafaq-e-Tahqeeq (AT) follows internationally recognized publication ethics principles, including the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), to ensure transparency and integrity in scholarly publishing.